Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans or thromboangiitis, is a serious inflammatory disease of the small and medium-sized arteries and veins, mainly of the legs. Less commonly, the arteries in the hands also become narrowed or blocked, causing insufficient blood supply to the fingers. Severe blockage causes finger pain and tissue death, requiring amputation of the affected fingers. Inflammation of the superficial veins and symptoms of Raynaud's disease also occur. The pathology is characterized by obliteration of the lumen of blood vessels, which can lead to ischemia (lack of blood supply) and tissue necrosis. Several possible causes of Buerger's disease: smoking; genetic predisposition; autoimmune processes; age: the disease occurs more often in young patients, usually under 50; hormonal factors; viral infection; chronic stress; infectious agents: some bacteria or other infectious agents may play a role in the development of the disease; systemic connective tissue diseases; High blood pressure – High blood pressure can increase the risk of developing Buerger's disease.
Signs:
- leg pain
- pain in toes
- finger pain
- swelling of the big toe
- Ankle swelling
- hair loss
- leg cramps
- increased concentration of proteins in the urine - proteinuria
- cold feet
- lameness
- erectile dysfunction
- skin ulcers
- foot ulcers
De Quervain's disease is an inflammatory disease of the tendons of the thumb, manifested by pain in the wrist area. This pathology was first described by the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain in 1895. He performed surgery to release the compressed tendons. De Quervain's disease is more common in women and is caused by prolonged stress on the hand and thumb from repetitive wrist movements. For example, when you constantly use a smartphone, you hold heavy objects with one hand. The risk of developing the syndrome increases in representatives of professions associated with active work with hands: hairdressers, seamstresses, builders, pianists. Also risk factors are pregnancy and the postpartum period, rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of development of the pathological condition is as follows. The tendons of the wrist extensor muscles pass under the ligament of the retinaculum on the dorsal surface of the lower third of the forearm. In this area there are 6 channels along which the tendons slide, and with frequent movements of the hand there is an increase in friction of these tendons against the walls of the channel. As a result, swelling develops, causing the canal to narrow, which disrupts the normal movement of the tendons and leads to sharp pain in the wrist when the thumb moves.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- wrist pain
- finger pain
- forearm pain
- finger deformity
- burning pain in the wrist
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the fingers
- decreased finger strength
- decreased range of motion
Bursitis is an inflammation of the bags surrounding a joint. As a rule, the disease affects the large joints of the upper extremities. Finger bags can also be affected, but this occurs less frequently. During flare-ups of bursitis, the application of cold will help: the pain will decrease and the inflammation will decrease. For chronic forms of the disease, physiotherapy and drug injections are prescribed. In particularly advanced cases, doctors resort to surgical interventions.
Signs:
- finger pain
- swelling of the fingers
- redness of the skin
- thickening of the bursa
Secondary syphilis is the second stage of infection caused by the Treponema pallidum bacterium. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infectious disease. Secondary syphilis develops several weeks or months after the primary infection (primary syphilis) and is characterized by the spread of the infection throughout the body. Causes: The cause of secondary syphilis is the continuation of infection by the bacterium Treponema pallidum after the primary stage of syphilis. Here are some factors that can contribute to the development of secondary syphilis: insufficient or inadequate treatment of primary syphilis, non-adherence to treatment, late start of treatment, unprotected sexual intercourse with an infected partner; weak immunity.
Signs:
- white coating on the tongue
- pain in toes
- finger pain
- heachache
- red eyes (hyperemia)
- unusual vaginal discharge
- chills and tremors
- swelling of the tip
- swelling of the fingers
- rash
- swollen lymph nodes
A dislocated finger is a pathological condition in which the articular surfaces of the phalanges of the fingers are displaced and cease to be congruent with each other. Fingers are affected more often than toes. A dislocated finger can occur in any joint of any finger, but most commonly occurs in the middle joint of the little finger, ring finger, middle finger, or index finger. A dislocated finger is always caused by force applied to the phalanx of the nail. For example: during sporting activity, the ball may hit the tip of an outstretched finger; fall on an outstretched arm. The cause of injury to a finger is usually a home or sports injury: forced hyperextension or blow to the finger area. A dislocated finger occurs as a result of a jump or fall. .
Signs:
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the fingers
- stiffness of the fingers
- decreased finger strength
- crunches between the knuckles of the fingers
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus, the causes of which may include: high blood sugar levels, inadequate treatment of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, damage to nerve cells and blood vessels, genetic predisposition, autoimmune reactions, chronic stress, physical movement impairment, smoking, alcohol and drug abuse, eating disorders, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, hypertension, obesity, age-related changes, infections, inflammatory processes in the body, prolonged use of some drugs and circulatory disorders.
Signs:
- finger pain
- diarrhea - diarrhea
- burning sensation in the lower leg
- delayed ejaculation
- difficulty urinating
- itchy skin
- numbness in the toes
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- numbness of the hands - paresthesia
- loss of bowel control
- loss of sensation in the legs
- loss of sensation in the hands
- stiffness of the fingers
- leg cramps
- rapid heartbeat - tachycardia
- cold feet
- lameness
- chronic constipation
- excessive sweating - hyperhidrosis
Nails are purulent inflammatory formations on the skin or mucous membranes, caused by the penetration of bacteria into small affected areas, and can be caused by the following reasons: trauma or damage to the skin, staphylococcal infections, streptococci, enterobacteria, pneumococci, fungal infections, periodontitis, immunodeficiency conditions, wounds after surgery, burns, wounds from animal bites, dental infections, poor nutrition, gum disease, abrasions or cracks in the skin, weak immunity, self-etching (self-harm), hypovitaminosis, poor personal hygiene, use improper use of contraceptives, contact with contaminated objects, broad spectrum antibiotics, dysfunction of the lymphatic system and damage to the mucous membranes.
Signs:
- finger pain
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
- redness of the skin
- dry skin
Dupuytren's contracture, also called Dupuytren's disease, is an abnormal thickening of the fascia, a layer of tissue under the skin, in the palm of the hand at the base of the fingers. This thickened area may take the form of a lump or a dense streak. Over time it leads to the curvature of one or more fingers, moving them laterally or inside the palm. The ring finger and little finger are most often affected. In many cases, both hands are affected. In rare cases, the feet may be affected. Dupuytren's contracture is hereditary. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. It could be due to smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, or medications used to treat seizures. This disease usually begins in middle age. More common in men than in women. Smokers and people with diabetes have a higher risk of developing the disease.
Signs:
- pain in one of the arms
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- finger deformity
- muscle weakness
- swelling of the fingers
- stiffness of the fingers
- weakness in the hands
- nodule or nodule
Radial nerve neuropathy is a dysfunction of the radiocarpal nerve. The following conditions can put pressure on the radial nerve, causing nerve compression and neuropathic pain: radial tunnel syndrome; radial nerve palsy; Wartenberg syndrome. Other causes of radial nerve problems include: infections; injuries from overuse or prolonged pressure on the hands due to casts or splints; complications resulting from surgeries such as shoulder replacements; injuries, including accidents, gunshots and stab wounds; tumors or cysts. A broken arm or dislocated shoulder can damage the radial nerve.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- elbow pain
- finger pain
- forearm pain
- pain in hands
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- loss of sensation in the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Onychodystrophy is a condition characterized by changes in the structure, color or shape of the nails and its causes may be due to trauma or damage to the nail plate, infections such as fungal infections or bacterial paronychia, poor circulation in the nail area, congenital diseases nail abnormalities, predisposition to nails, chemical or physical insults such as contact with aggressive chemicals or trauma due to repeated blows, immune system disorders, inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or eczema, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological conditions such as flat lichen or pyoderma, endocrine disorders such as diabetes or hypothyroidism, the effects of medications such as retinoids or chemotherapy, bad habits such as irregular nail manipulation or nail biting, disorders metabolic disorders, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially iron or zinc, stress or psychological factors, systemic diseases such as systemic scleroderma or leukemia, oncological processes in the body, increased moisture loss or dehydration, prolonged and constant exposure to moisture or exposure of nails to mechanical pressure.
Signs:
- finger pain
- furrows on the skin
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
Panaritium is an inflammatory disease that affects the fingers or toes. The causes of the pathology include trauma, infections through microtrauma, improper handling of sharp objects, damage to nails, insect bites, poor hygiene, diabetic neuropathy, immunodeficiency conditions, chemical exposure, contact with contaminated water, alcohol or drug intoxication, some professions associated with contact with harmful substances, systemic diseases of connective tissue, circulatory disorders, endocrine disorders, autoimmune diseases, ARVI and other infectious diseases, circulatory disorders, damage to arteries and veins, chronic diseases of organs such as the liver and kidneys, aging.
Signs:
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- pustules
- finger deformity
- itchy skin
- brittle hair and nails
A finger fracture is a violation of the integrity of the bones in one of the fingers of the upper limb. Finger fractures can vary in nature and location. A closed fracture occurs as a result of trauma, such as a fall on the hand or compression of a finger. An open fracture is characterized by the bone protruding through the skin, which can occur following severe trauma, such as an accident or injury with a sharp object. A fracture of the basal phalanx is usually caused by a blow to the top of the finger, such as from a hammer. A fracture of the middle phalanx can be the result of a direct blow to the middle part of the finger or strong compression. A fracture of the distal phalanx can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or a strong blow to the end of the finger. A stress fracture is often associated with repetitive microtrauma or overuse, such as in athletes or those who frequently use their arms for repetitive motions.
Signs:
- finger pain
- protrusion of the bone from the skin
- swelling of the fingers
- redness of the skin
- stiffness of the fingers
Wrist joint injuries are injuries that can affect both bony and soft joint tissues, including bones, tendons, ligaments and muscles. A wrist sprain occurs when ligaments are torn due to overextension, physical impact, or a fall. Wrist sprain syndrome is a disorder of the wrist, also called ulnar abduction, that occurs when the ulna is slightly longer than the radius. It usually develops after a wrist fracture has healed atypically and makes the wrist joint between this bone and the wrist bones less stable. Wrist arthritis can occur in any wrist joint due to normal wear and tear or injury to the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed. It can be caused by repetitive strain on the wrist, high blood pressure or diabetes.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Polyarthritis of the finger is an inflammation of three or more joints at the same time. There are more than 100 different types of polyarthritis with different causes and treatments. The most common are: rheumatoid polyarthritis and psoriatic polyarthritis. Polyarthritis of the fingers can be caused by the following reasons: wear of the phalangeal joint due to excessive load; age; injuries; Autoimmune diseases; genetic predisposition, family history; muscle weakness. Symptoms of polyarthritis usually develop over time, but they can also appear suddenly. The typical age for developing rheumatoid arthritis is between 30 and 50 years old. However, it can also affect children, adolescents and young adults. Osteoarthritis usually develops after age 50 or 60, but there are studies showing radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in women in their 40s.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- finger pain
- finger deformity
- curvature of the little finger and ring finger
- numbness of the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the fingers
- stiffness of the fingers
- crunches between the knuckles of the fingers
A soft tissue sprain of the hand is a violation of the integrity of a ligament, tendon or muscle. The most vulnerable to sprains are the ligaments. A soft tissue strain can occur when a joint twists unnaturally due to a sudden twist caused by a fall. The most common soft tissue injuries of the hand are injuries to the muscles, tendons, and ligaments. These injuries often occur during sports and exercise, but sometimes simple everyday activities can cause injuries. Sprains, strains, bruises, as well as tendinitis and bursitis are the main forms of injury.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- limited wrist mobility
- limitation of hand mobility
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Rheumatoid arthritis of the hands is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect not only the joints. In some people, the condition can cause damage to a variety of body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart, and blood vessels. An autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis of the hands occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues. Factors that increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: sex: women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis; age: rheumatoid arthritis of the hands and fingers can occur at any age, but most often begins to develop in middle age; family history: the risk of developing the disease increases if at least one of the blood relatives has rheumatoid arthritis; smoking: due to nicotine consumption, rheumatoid arthritis develops more rapidly and manifests itself with more acute symptoms; Overweight – Patients who are overweight are at a slightly higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Signs:
- pain in hands
- finger pain
- high temperature - hyperpyrexia
- finger deformity
- chills and tremors
- swelling of the fingers
- loss of appetite
- problems grasping objects with the hand
- stiffness of the hands
- stiffness of the fingers
- decreased finger strength
Sickle cell anemia is a pathology that belongs to a group of hereditary diseases. The disease affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Red blood cells are usually round and flexible, so they move easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells are shaped like a sickle or crescent. Sickle cells also become stiff and sticky, which can slow or block blood flow. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the gene that controls the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin allows red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff, sticky, and misshapen. For a child to get the disease, both the mother and father must carry one copy of the sickle cell gene, also known as sickle cell trait, and pass both copies of the altered form to the child.
Signs:
- chest pain
- bone pain (oxalgia)
- finger pain
- joint pain - arthralgia
- Inflammation of the "sausage" type fingers.
- stunting of growth
- iron deficiency anemia
- swelling of the legs
- swelling of the fingers
- swelling of the hands
- yellowing of the skin and pupils of the eyes - jaundice
- loss of consciousness - fainting
- decreased vision
- rapid heartbeat - tachycardia
- chronic tiredness - increased fatigue
Thrombosis is a complete or partial blockage of the lumen of a vessel by a parietal or mobile thrombus. Thrombosis in a vein is caused by venous congestion due to long periods of immobility, increased blood clotting due to chemical imbalances, or damage to the vein. Most cases of thrombosis in an artery are the result of atherosclerosis, a hardening and narrowing of the artery walls. There are also some risk factors that may increase your chance of developing blood clots: older age; pregnancy; some contraceptive drugs; hormone replacement therapy; lack of physical activity; obesity; to smoke; infection; Autoimmune diseases; hand injuries; surgery; hereditary vascular diseases; previous blood clots.
Signs:
- finger pain
- pain in hands
- shortness of breath - dyspnea
- numbness of the hands - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
Preeclampsia is a complication that occurs in the later stages of pregnancy. It becomes one of the factors that cause swelling of the fingers. Furthermore, the problem is characterized by: frequent headaches, abnormal swelling of the face and fingers, blurred vision, weight gain and abdominal pain. Early treatment of preeclampsia is critical to ensuring a safe pregnancy and birth. It includes taking medications, constant monitoring by a doctor, and in rare cases, early labor.
When should you see a doctor if you have finger pain?
You should make an appointment with your doctor if:
- finger pain is severe or interferes with normal activities;
- pain increases at night;
- the pain did not decrease after treatment at home for a week;
- there is tingling or loss of sensation in the hand;
- have a history of diabetes;
- cannot move thumb or hold objects;
- the phalanges changed shape or color.
Diagnostics
Based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe:
- stool analysis for dysbacteriosis
- blood analysis
- vitamin D test
- arthroscopy
- biopsy
- skin biopsy
- Lymph node biopsy
- blood chemistry
- bronchoscopy
- dermoscopy
- duplex scan of the lower limbs
- immunological study
- polymerase chain reaction test
- Finkelstein research
- Eichof's research
- skin tests
- computed angiography
- Computerized angiography of the lower extremities
- Computed tomography of the chest
- Computed tomography of the hand
- computed tomography of the lungs
- computed tomography of the lymph nodes
- Computed tomography of the wrist joint
- Computed tomography of the neck vessels
- MRI of the hand
- MRI of the lymph nodes
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist joint
- MRI of the heart
- MRI of the joints
- microscopic examination of a smear
- radiography
- chest x-ray
- X-ray of the hand
- chest x-ray
- X-ray of the wrist joint
- x-ray of the lower limbs
- X-ray of a finger
- x-ray of the fingers
- X-ray of the esophagus
- serological test
- thoracentesis
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity
- Ultrasound examination of the veins of the upper extremities
- ultrasound examination of the brain - neurosonography
- Ultrasound examination of the hand
- Ultrasound examination of the wrist joint
- Ultrasound examination of the soft tissues of the hand and arm
- ultrasound examination of the spleen
- Ultrasound examination of the heart - echocardiography
- chest fluorography
- electroneuromyography
How to relieve finger pain?
The following tips can help relieve finger pain at home:
- apply ice packs for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours;
- painkillers;
- stop or reduce activities that cause pain, such as typing, using vibrating tools for work, or playing a musical instrument;
- do not take hot baths, do not go to the sauna or bathhouse for the first 2-3 days after the injury;
- do not lift heavy objects.